書畫贗品的造假方法主要有如下幾個：勾填、對臨、模仿、改落款。下面，
字畫鑒定評估人員就從這四個角度來探討名人字畫真跡與贗品的鑒定方法。
The counterfeiting methods of calligraphy and painting fakes are mainly as follows: filling in, copying, imitating, and changing the signature. Next, the appraisers of calligraphy and painting will discuss the identification methods of authentic and fake celebrity calligraphy and painting from these four perspectives.
1、從勾填和對臨切入。
1. Start with the tick and the opposite.
此處主要的是看書畫家的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格特點。每一位書畫家都會有自己的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格，越是大師級的名家越有自己的獨到之處。無論是書法，還是山水人物花鳥畫，只要認真研究，都可從中看出書畫家本身的筆法軌跡和一些習(xí)慣性的技法。因此，我們在收藏某幅字畫前就先要詳細研究其創(chuàng)作者的藝術(shù)特色，包括師承淵源、風(fēng)格流派、筆法技巧、用墨用色的習(xí)慣等等等等，從而有助于鑒定某些作品究竟是否該藝術(shù)家的真跡，如果是贗品也能指出其破綻所在，說出個子丑寅卯，讓人心服口服。
Here is mainly the artistic style of the calligrapher. Every calligrapher and painter will have his own artistic style, and the more famous the master, the more unique he is. Whether it is calligraphy or landscape figure flower and bird painting, as long as you study it carefully, you can see the calligrapher and painter's own brushwork track and some habitual techniques. Therefore, before collecting a painting or calligraphy, we should first study the artistic characteristics of its creator in detail, including the origin of the teacher, the style of the school, the technique of the brush, the habit of using ink and color, etc., so as to help identify whether some works are the true work of the artist. If it is a fake, it can also point out its flaws, tell the ugly Yinmao, and make people convinced.
2、收藏古字畫要注意時代風(fēng)格。
2. Pay attention to the style of the times when collecting ancient calligraphy and paintings.
不同時代的書畫在風(fēng)格和題材上都是有區(qū)別的，風(fēng)格脈絡(luò)都很清晰且各有特色。如果一幅古畫所表現(xiàn)出來的某些特點完全不符合該畫所聲稱的創(chuàng)作時代，比如宋朝的作品不應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)明朝的元素。當(dāng)然，這就需要藏家有很高的藝術(shù)和歷史修養(yǎng)，如果水準不夠那就要特別小心了，某幅所謂的古字畫可能是數(shù)百年后的模仿之作甚是今人的偽作，謹防被贗品所騙。
Calligraphy and painting in different times are different in style and subject matter, and the style context is very clear and has its own characteristics. If some characteristics of an ancient painting do not conform to the time of creation claimed by the painting, for example, the works of the Song Dynasty should not contain the elements of the Ming Dynasty. Of course, this requires collectors to have a high level of artistic and historical accomplishment. If the level is not enough, it is necessary to be particularly careful. A so-called ancient calligraphy and painting may be imitated hundreds of years later or even faked by modern people. Beware of being cheated by fakes.
3、研究書畫的落款和印章。
3. Study the signature and seal of calligraphy and painting.
落款和印章是書畫家的身份標(biāo)簽，要鑒定書畫的真?zhèn)危芯科渎淇钣≌乱彩潜匦拗n。對落款，一是要研究書畫家的筆法特色，二是要了解書畫家的個人習(xí)慣喜好。對印章，一是看印章的形狀、刻法、篆文以及用料質(zhì)地，二是看所用印泥。另外，還要注意落款年月是否與作者的生平相符，比如不能宋朝的畫家在落款時留了個明朝皇帝的年號，或者推算之下發(fā)現(xiàn)落款的年份那位書畫家已經(jīng)早已過世，出現(xiàn)這種情況也肯定是贗品無疑了。
The signature and seal are the identity labels of calligraphers and painters. To identify the authenticity of calligraphers and painters, studying their signature and seal is also a required course. For signature, one is to study the characteristics of calligraphers and painters' brushwork, and the other is to understand the personal habits and preferences of calligraphers and painters. For seals, one is to look at the shape, carving method, seal character and material texture of the seal, and the other is to look at the ink used. In addition, we should also pay attention to whether the signing date is consistent with the author's life. For example, the painter of the Song Dynasty left the year of the Ming Dynasty emperor when signing the bill, or it was found that the calligrapher and painter of the signing year had already passed away, which must be a forgery.
4、研究書畫的材質(zhì)。
4. Study the material of calligraphy and painting.
不同時代的書畫載體是有區(qū)別的，同樣是紙和絹，但不同朝代的原料和制造工藝也不盡相同。比如，宋朝和元朝的絹在精細度和色度上就是有差別的，如果某幅書畫落款的朝代與當(dāng)時的絹、紙材質(zhì)不符，我們當(dāng)然可以懷疑這是贗品。當(dāng)然，這對收藏者的要求比較高，一般沒有多年經(jīng)驗的非專門的人員是難以具備這種鑒定水平的。
The carriers of painting and calligraphy in different times are different. They are also paper and silk, but the raw materials and manufacturing processes in different dynasties are also different. For example, there are differences in fineness and chroma between the silks of the Song Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty. If a painting or calligraphy is signed in a dynasty that does not match the material of the silk and paper at that time, we can certainly suspect that it is a fake. Of course, the requirements for collectors are relatively high. Generally, it is difficult for non-professional personnel without many years of experience to have such identification level.
To master the identification method of celebrity calligraphy and painting, we need to first understand the common means of calligraphy and painting fakes, so as to improve our identification ability. I hope the above content can help you. Please come to our website for more relevant matters http://www.lebigueone.com Ask!
