紙和搪瓷的識(shí)別是在紙和搪瓷上進(jìn)行的。 life的壽命通常約為100年，而紙的壽命約為1000年。 當(dāng)然，由于地下埋葬環(huán)境的不同，出土文物中的紙筐可能仍會(huì)超過千年。 例如，在金唐之前，就已經(jīng)編織了單絲，直到宋代才發(fā)現(xiàn)了雙絲的縐紋，這種縐紋比元和明朝的要細(xì)。 根據(jù)質(zhì)量類別，您可以確定書畫的年齡。 紙上也有時(shí)代的痕跡。 隋唐以前，紙以大麻為原料，纖維含量較高，紙質(zhì)也不佳。 隋唐以后，樹皮被用于造紙，其紙張質(zhì)量比以前更好。 北宋中期以后，造紙材料多樣化，并提出了論文。 多元化。 實(shí)際上，民間收藏的書畫只出現(xiàn)在明清末期。 這是因?yàn)榧垙埡吞麓杀旧砗茈y保存數(shù)百年。 再加上偽造者的困惑，有人認(rèn)為古代書法的相當(dāng)一部分是魚。 名人書畫習(xí)得的三個(gè)主要要素：
The recognition of paper and enamel is carried out on paper and enamel. The lifespan of life is usually about 100 years, while the lifespan of paper is about 1000 years. Of course, due to the different burial environments underground, the paper baskets in the unearthed cultural relics may still be over a thousand years old. For example, before the Jin and Tang dynasties, single silk had already been woven, and it was not until the Song Dynasty that double silk crepe patterns were discovered, which were finer than those of the Yuan and Ming dynasties. Based on the quality category, you can determine the age of the calligraphy and painting. There are also traces of the times on paper. Before the Sui and Tang dynasties, paper was made from hemp, with a high fiber content and poor paper quality. After the Sui and Tang dynasties, bark was used for papermaking, and the quality of the paper was better than before. After the mid Northern Song Dynasty, papermaking materials were diversified and papers were proposed. Diversification. In fact, folk collections of calligraphy and painting only appeared in the late Ming and Qing dynasties. This is because paper and enamel themselves are difficult to preserve for hundreds of years. Coupled with the confusion of the forgers, some people believe that a considerable part of ancient calligraphy is fish. The three main elements of celebrity calligraphy and painting acquisition:
一，安裝標(biāo)識(shí)
1、 Installation identification
每個(gè)時(shí)代都有自己的特點(diǎn)。 例如，在元代，藏畫的收藏是由一個(gè)特殊的人選擇的。 大德四年間，“古代玉象牙成為軸心，桉樹金碧繼續(xù)被安裝”。 在明代，畫作在畫卷中加入了鉛，有些還寫在了線上。 垂直軸有寬和窄的一面，有些還增加了詩歌。 清代宮廷繪畫的材料和技術(shù)形式都比明代更好。
Each era has its own characteristics. For example, in the Yuan Dynasty, the collection of Tibetan paintings was chosen by a special person. During the four years of Dade, "ancient jade ivory became the axis, and eucalyptus and jasper continued to be installed. In the Ming Dynasty, paintings added lead to the scrolls, and some were even written online. The vertical axis has wide and narrow sides, and some have added poetry. The materials and technical forms of palace painting in the Qing Dynasty were better than those in the Ming Dynasty.
二，印章識(shí)別
2、 Seal identification
宋代的許多歌舞作品未加蓋印章，有些蓋有青銅和玉印章，并且印章上印有致密的印章和水上的櫻花。 封印由木頭，象牙，銅，玉等制成。版畫為模版和櫻花代。 使用了石印。 明代的石印章很常見，雕刻方法使用“錘頭式”。 清代油櫻所使用的印章大多為印章形狀，其字體和字體也多種多樣。 油墨顏色是油性的。 繪畫中衣服和生活用具的標(biāo)識(shí)冠在不同的年齡通常會(huì)有所不同，并且生活用具也有所不同，可以被識(shí)別。
Many song and dance works of the Song Dynasty were not stamped, some were stamped with bronze and jade seals, and the seals were printed with dense seals and cherry blossoms on the water. Seals are made of wood, ivory, copper, jade, etc. The printmaking consists of templates and cherry blossoms. Stone seals were used. The stone seals of the Ming Dynasty were very common, and the carving method used was the "hammer head style". The seals used by the Qing Dynasty oil cherry trees were mostly in the shape of seals, and their fonts and fonts were also diverse. The ink color is oily. The identification crowns of clothing and daily necessities in painting usually vary at different ages, and daily necessities also vary and can be recognized.
三，職稱鑒定
3、 Professional title appraisal
這些問題分為三類：作者的頭銜，當(dāng)代的問題和后代的問題。 標(biāo)題是增加書畫的價(jià)值。 但是，通常會(huì)出現(xiàn)帶有錯(cuò)誤問題的真實(shí)繪畫或帶有真實(shí)問題的偽造繪畫，應(yīng)仔細(xì)識(shí)別。 特別是，**藝術(shù)家更容易被假書法題字吸引。
These issues are divided into three categories: author titles, contemporary issues, and future issues. The title is to increase the value of calligraphy and painting. However, real paintings with incorrect issues or forged paintings with genuine issues often occur and should be carefully identified. Especially, * * artists are more likely to be attracted to fake calligraphy inscriptions.
今天的書法作品可以分為兩種，一種是行業(yè)，一種是書法家的作品;另一種是書法作品。 一個(gè)是外行，不是的書法家，純粹是書法愛好者。
Today's calligraphy works can be divided into two types: one is from the industry, and the other is from professional calligraphers; Another type is calligraphy. One is a layman, not a professional calligrapher, purely a calligraphy enthusiast.
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